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Drawing


Index On Art History
(created by Glen River)

GR.ORG
Artist & Society
Philosophy
Hand Made Books
Abstracts
After The Masters
Print Making
 Installations

Portraits
1958-
Archive
1955-2014
Portraits Of Place
1958-2010
Cubist Influence
1959-2010
Representational Works
1959-2010
 Drawing
1963-1973
Computer Art
1985-2010
 
 


The coordination of hand, eye, and mind is the keystone to a working center which will issue a fountain of growth generally described as art. Dexterity with tools and a knowledge of historical precedients (ways other artists have succeeded) form an exchange between the scientific testing method, theory, and synthesis of esthetics into the work of art. Many artists believe this starts with drawing. Drawing is a form of visual expression and is one of the major forms within the visual arts. A quick, unrefined drawing may be defined as a sketch.

Media normally associated with drawing includes: pensils, graphite, chalk, pastels, ink, pigment, charcoal, Conté, silverpoint, marker, pen and ink, liquid media applied with brushes or pens, compass, ruler, and set square. Fixative, Drafting tape, masking tape. Traditional drawings were monochrome. Drawing suggests a process distinct from painting. Some drawings are finished artworks, but most drawing is exploratory. The focus is on observation, problem solving and composition, often as a means of preparation for a painting.

Masters of drawing in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries included Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht Dürer, Michelangelo, and Raphael. . In the 17th century, Nicolas Poussin, Rembrandt, Guercino, and Peter Paul Rubens created important drawings. In the 18th century, great drawings were produced by Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Francisco Goya, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, and Antoine Watteau. The masters of drawing during the 19th century included Paul Cézanne, Jacques Louis David, Pierre-Paul Prud'hon, Edgar Degas, Theodore Gericault, Jean Ingres, Odilon Redon, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Honore Daumier, and Vincent van Gogh. Great drawings in the 1900s have been created by Käthe Kollwitz, Max Beckmann, Egon Schiele, Arshile Gorky, Paul Klee, Oscar Kokoschka, M. C. Escher, André Masson, Jules Pascin, and Pablo Picasso.




methods and materials of the great schools and masters
methods and materials of the great schools and masters
Methods and materials of the great schools and masters. Volume 2
I found this a particularly usefull guide. Sir Charles Lock Eastlake is the author.
Systems for drawing have included grid systems for recording, geometric systems, mathematical perspective, and projection systems such as pinhole camera. Along with the human hand, triangles, french curves, compass and various drawing devices have shaped the way the artist creates the drawing. From the digital camera to the study of anatomy, the process of drawing is an expression of the partnership between eye and mind.
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Probably the earliest depiction of the camera obscura, published in the book De radio astronomico et geometrico liber in 1545. Here, Dutch physicist and mathematician Gemma Frisius described his observation of the solar eclipse in 1544. Johannes Kepler observed sun spots in the same way in Prague at the beginning of the 17th century; Kepler was also the first to use the term camera obscura.
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Diagram from 1685 showing how rays of light travel through the camera obscura, and how the size of the image depends on its distance from the hole, according to Johann Zahn.

People in various parts of the world have observed the camera obscura effect since ancient times.
  • In 5th century BC, accounts were written by Chinese philosopher Mo Ti.
  • Aristotle in 4 BC was asking, why sunlight passing through quadrilaterals, for example, one of the holes in wickerwork, does not create an angled image, but a round one instead
  • 10 AD the Arabian physicist and mathematician Alhazen, studied the reverse image formed by the tiny hole.
  • The English monk, philosopher and scientist Roger Bacon.
  • In the manuscript Codex atlanticus (c. 1485) the first detailed description of the pinhole camera was set down by Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci, who used it to study perspective.

    Initially, the camera obscura was, in fact, a room where the image was projected onto one of the walls through an opening in the opposite wall. It was used to observe the solar eclipse and to examine the laws of projection. It later became a portable instrument which was perfected with a converging lens. Instruments of this kind were often used as drawing aids and, at the dawn of photographic history, they formed the basis for the construction of the camera.
  • First photograph taken with a pinhole camera was by Scottish scientist Sir David Brewster back in 1850.

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    picture
    picture picture
    Drawing
    Antoine Watteau
    Drawing
    Nicolas Poussin
    Drawing
    Odilon Redon
    Drawing
    Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
    Drawing
    Guercino
    Drawing
    Peter Paul Rubens
    Drawing
    Honore Daumier
    Drawing
    Vincent van Gogh
    Drawing
    Jean-Honoré Fragonard
    Drawing
    Francisco Goya
    Drawing
    Käthe Kollwitz
    Drawing
    Max Beckmann
    Drawing
    Egon Schiele
    Drawing
    Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
    Drawing
    Paul Cézanne
    Drawing
    Jacques Louis David
    Drawing
    Pierre-Paul Prud'hon
    Drawing
    Edgar Degas
    Drawing
    Theodore Gericault
    Drawing
    Jean Ingres
    Drawing
    Arshile Gorky
    Drawing
    Paul Klee
    Drawing
    Oscar Kokoschka
    Drawing
    Pablo Picasso


    Drawing
    M. C. Escher
    Drawing
    Raffaello
    Drawing
    Jules Pascin
    Drawing
    Michelangelo


    methods and materials of the great schools and masters
    methods and materials of the great schools and masters
    Art model posing in a French painting school
    Two point perspective drawing.


    methods and materials of the great schools and masters
    methods and materials of the great schools and masters
    Madame Palmyre with Her Dog, 1897. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.
    Chiaroscuro study drawing by Bouguereau


    methods and materials of the great schools and masters
    drawimg
    Line drawing in sanguine by Leonardo da Vinci
    Figure drawing by Leonardo da Vinci.


    methods and materials of the great schools and masters
    early drawing
     
    Male nude by Annibale Carracci, 16th century
    Figure drawing by Rembrant










    Artist: Glen River
    Drawing from a life class. 1975
    Philip Morsberger, Ruskin Master of Drawing, requested a drawing faithful to the model.





    Drawing Overview     Drawing 1963     Drawing 1969     Drawing 1970     Paris Sketchbook 1973    

    A great many drawings have been lost. Travel, lost luggage, fire, and flood make for great gaps where I would have preferred a record of the process. So keep your journals, sketch books, and loose pages safe. Your students and followers will find value in them.


    Early Drawing
    Figure Drawing by Glen River
       
       
       
       
       



    © 2009 Glen River Publications